| Feature | Subtitling | Dubbing | Thuyết minh |
|-----------------|------------------|------------------|------------------|
| Visual integrity | Preserved | Modified (lip sync) | Preserved |
| Literacy required | Yes | No | No |
| Production cost | Low | High | Low |
| Emotional nuance | Relies on reading | Full acting | Narrator-led |


Phim thuyết minh is a resilient, low-cost, culturally embedded localization practice. Rather than a “lesser” alternative to dubbing, it represents a unique Vietnamese listening culture that values narrator mediation, oral clarity, and simultaneous access to original sound.


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