At the physical bottom of your computer are transistors—tiny electronic switches that can either block electricity (0) or let it through (1). Alone, a transistor is boring. But wire them together in patterns, and you get logic gates.
These gates are the Lego bricks of computing: logic gates circuits processors compilers and computers pdf
With just these three (plus NAND, NOR, XOR, etc.), you can build anything. At the physical bottom of your computer are
During the ADD instruction:
Thus, a line of C code physically becomes electron flow through silicon. With just these three (plus NAND, NOR, XOR, etc