The inference rule used to derive new information.

Logic and Prolog Programming by Saroj Kaushik (published by New Age International) is a well-regarded textbook primarily used in undergraduate and postgraduate computer science courses in India and abroad. It bridges two fundamental domains: mathematical logic (the theoretical foundation) and Prolog programming (its practical realization in the field of artificial intelligence and computational logic).

The book is designed for students with little or no prior exposure to logic programming. It starts from propositional and predicate logic and systematically moves to Prolog syntax, data structures, control mechanisms, and advanced topics like negation, cuts, and meta-programming.

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| Aspect | Evaluation | |--------|-------------| | Logic first | Unusual among Prolog books (e.g., Clocksin & Mellish start with Prolog). Helps understand why Prolog behaves as it does. | | Pace | Suitable for Indian B.Tech/M.Sc curriculum – moderate to advanced. | | Examples | Many Indian-context examples (family relations, university courses). | | Negation & cut | Explained carefully with pitfalls. | | Cost | Affordable print edition (~INR 250–400 in local markets). |

Kaushik’s book typically covers advanced problem-solving strategies:

The second half applies logic concepts to Prolog (typically Edinburgh Prolog/ISO standard).

Chapter 5: Introduction to Prolog

Chapter 6: Data Structures in Prolog

Chapter 7: Control in Prolog

Chapter 8: Recursion and Arithmetic

Chapter 9: Built-in Predicates

Chapter 10: Advanced Prolog Topics

Chapter 11: Prolog in AI Applications

Chapter 12: Comparison with Other Paradigms